![]() Monolinguals in Edward’s (1991) study which suggests that those still alive at the time of Heįound that the most capable Gaelic speakers were those who were the oldest, held semiskilled jobs, and were the least educated. Speakers and students of Gaelic from various parts of the province of Nova Scotia. Edwards (1991) conducted a study of three groups of Gaelic These monolinguals were comprised of a handful of women in their 80s and 90s ![]() “As late as 1976-1977, a few Gaelic monolinguals could still be found in rural Capeīreton. It’s a wonderful sound, and I wish the clip lasted longer.įound in a 21st-century Canadian grad-student thesis: There may come a time in a few centuries where a lot of the distinctive features of Indian English have been naturalized in the same way, so that phonological transfer from Indian languages (which now strikes Americans or Britons as signs of imperfect English learning) sounds to them like nothing more than deep regionalism. English spoken with a heavy non-native accent by an Irish speaker can still, pronunciation-wise, fall within my sense of “what English-speakers can sound like”. It is not native Hiberno-English phonology of any kind, but it has enough in common with heavily Irish-influenced varieties of Hiberno-English that, if I heard somebody speaking with this *accent* today using native-like syntax, I doubt I would take them for a non-native English speaker. Sayers was not only a native Irish speaker but part of a generation which still contained Irish speakers who spoke English imperfectly (believe it or not the last documented monolingual Irish-speaker who spoke no English only died in 1998.) This is a recording of Peig Sayers speaking somewhat broken English. This puts into perspective what I really mean when I tell people that Indian English (which now does have full native speakers) is just as much a part of English as Irish or Welsh English, and is similar to them in having substrate effects from other languages. All rights reserved.Via Alex Foreman’s Facebook post, a YouTube clip (less than a minute long) of native Irish speaker Peig Sayers speaking English. GPRC5A PEIG-1 PKC RAI3 RAID-1 TIG1 TPA.Ĭopyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. PKA and SGK1 kinases are also involved in its TPA-induced upregulation. In conclusion, RAIG1/RAI3/GPRC5A corresponds to the originally reported PEIG-1/TIG1 the inhibition observed in the presence of Gö 6983, BAPTA and U0126, suggests that its TPA-induced upregulation is mediated through a PKC/Ca 2+ →MEK1/2 signalling axis. The IL-1β autocrine loop and downstream signalling did not affect its expression. The SGK1 inhibitor GSK650394 stimulated GPRC5A basal levels at low doses and inhibit its TPA-induced expression at concentrations ≥10 μM. The PKA inhibitor H-89 (10 μM), and the MEK1/2 inhibitor U0126 (10 μM), also produced a significant reduction in the TPA response (~50%). The PKC inhibitor Gö 6983 (10 μM), and the Ca 2+ chelator BAPTA-AM (150 μM), strongly inhibited its TPA induced upregulation. Confocal microscopy confirmed its TPA upregulation and the location in the plasma membrane. Western blots showed several bands between 35 and 50 kDa, responding to TPA stimulation. In addition, we show that TPA (100 ng/ml, 162 nM) strongly stimulated GPRC5A mRNA in T84 colonic carcinoma cells, with maximal expression at 4 h and 100 ng/ml (162 nM). Here, we report the extension of its original cDNA fragment towards the 5' and 3' end. Later, Lotan's laboratory found the same gene product in response to retinoic acid analogues, naming it with the symbol RAIG1. Homo sapiens orphan G protein-coupling receptor PEIG-1 was first cloned and characterized by applying differential display to T84 colonic carcinoma cells incubated in the presence of phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) (GenBank AF506289.1).
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